The limitation of the lift capability of a centrifugal pump is based on which factor?

The correct focus should be on the weight of the atmosphere, which directly influences the maximum lift capability of a centrifugal pump. The operation of centrifugal pumps relies on the atmospheric pressure acting on the fluid being pumped. This atmospheric pressure creates a pressure differential that enables the pump to lift the liquid.

When considering lift capability, it's essential to recognize that the maximum theoretical lift a centrifugal pump can achieve is limited by atmospheric pressure, typically around 14.7 psi at sea level. As a result, if the liquid's vapor pressure is too high or the pump is situated at an elevation that reduces atmospheric pressure, this limit is further reduced, affecting the pump's ability to lift the fluid effectively.

While factors like the design of the impeller and volute, motor efficiency, and the effects of friction do play roles in the overall operation and performance of a centrifugal pump, they are not directly responsible for the fundamental limitation of the pump's lifting capability. These other factors more specifically impact flow rates, energy consumption, and operational efficiency, but the actual capacity for lifting fluid against gravity is distinctly governed by atmospheric pressure.