The sensitivity of an ecosystem to acid precipitation is largely determined by the area's:

The sensitivity of an ecosystem to acid precipitation is significantly influenced by the area's buffering capacity. Buffering capacity refers to the ability of a substance, such as soil or water, to resist changes in pH when acidic or basic substances are introduced. In the context of acid rain, which contains sulfuric and nitric acids, ecosystems with high buffering capacities can neutralize these acids more effectively, thereby minimizing their harmful effects on plants, aquatic life, and overall ecosystem health.

A region with low buffering capacity is more vulnerable to the impacts of acid precipitation, as it lacks the necessary minerals and compounds to counteract the acidity. Soils with high levels of limestone or other alkaline materials have greater buffering capacity and can mitigate acidifying processes, protecting the ecosystem from damage. Conversely, areas with sandy or granite soils typically have lower buffering capacities, making them more sensitive to acid precipitation.

Understanding buffering capacity is crucial for environmental health specialists, as it aids in predicting the potential impacts of acid rain on different ecosystems and informs conservation and management strategies.