The sources of water supply are divided into which of the following major classifications?

The classification of water supply sources into groundwater and surface water is fundamental in environmental health and water resource management. Groundwater refers to water found underground in aquifers, which are geological formations that can store water. This is typically accessed through wells and is a crucial source of drinking water in many regions. Surface water, on the other hand, includes bodies of water such as rivers, lakes, and reservoirs that are found above the ground. These sources are directly affected by climate and weather patterns and are vital for agricultural, recreational, and municipal uses.

This distinction between groundwater and surface water is important because each source requires different management practices and regulatory considerations. Groundwater is often less susceptible to contamination from surface activities but can be affected by pollutants leaching through the soil. Surface water, while more accessible, is typically more prone to pollution due to runoff from urban and agricultural areas. Understanding this classification helps environmental health specialists develop appropriate strategies for safeguarding water quality and ensuring sustainable water supply practices.