What are the reasons for nosocomial infections in hospitals and nursing homes?

Nosocomial infections, also known as hospital-acquired infections, are infections that patients acquire while receiving treatment for other conditions within healthcare settings. The correct answer encompasses all relevant factors contributing to such infections.

Older patients with chronic diseases are particularly vulnerable because their immune systems may be weakened, making it more difficult for them to fight off infections. These individuals often have pre-existing conditions and may require more intensive medical care, leading to increased exposure to pathogens.

The increased numbers of high-risk patients in hospitals and nursing homes mean that there is a larger population of individuals who are susceptible to infections. Factors such as advanced age, multiple comorbidities, and prolonged stays in healthcare facilities contribute to the heightened risk of infection in these settings.

Invasive procedures, such as surgeries, catheter placements, and ventilator support, create additional pathways for pathogens to enter the body. These procedures can disrupt normal barriers to infection, such as skin integrity and mucosal membranes, further increasing the risk of nosocomial infections.

By acknowledging all these factors—vulnerability of patients due to age and chronic diseases, the concentration of high-risk individuals, and the impact of invasive medical procedures—it is clear that the combination of these elements contributes significantly to the occurrence of nosocomial infections in