What is the first step required before converting an "open dump" into a sanitary landfill?

The conversion of an "open dump" into a sanitary landfill is a significant undertaking that requires careful planning and execution. Among the options provided, the focus on developing a comprehensive plan of operation, supervision, maintenance, and layout is crucial as it involves detailed steps to ensure that the landfill will operate safely and effectively.

Creating a formal plan is fundamental because it ensures that all aspects of the landfill's operation adhere to regulatory standards and environmental safety protocols. This plan would typically include considerations for waste management techniques, environmental impact assessments, and protocols for monitoring and controlling potential hazards associated with the previous waste.

Furthermore, instituting a rat-poisoning program prior to the conversion is an important aspect of managing existing pests that may inhabit the open dump. This step can help prevent the spread of disease and improve the conditions for workers and the surrounding community during the transition process. However, the focus on developing an overarching operational plan is vital as it provides a structured approach to transitioning from an unregulated dumping site to a properly managed facility.

Both steps are critical, but the requirement of a detailed operational plan beforehand emphasizes systematic planning for compliance with environmental regulations and ensuring sanitary practices, making it integral to the process.