What is the primary function of a sand filter in water treatment?

The primary function of a sand filter in water treatment is to remove suspended solids. Sand filters work through a physical filtration process, where the water passes through layers of sand or granulated materials. During this process, particulate matter, debris, and other larger particles—classified as suspended solids—are effectively trapped in the sand medium.

This mechanism is essential because suspended solids can lead to cloudiness in water, contribute to adverse tastes, odors, and provide a habitat for bacteria and other microorganisms. By effectively removing these solids, sand filters not only improve the aesthetic quality of the water but also help in protecting downstream treatment processes and ensuring overall water quality.

While sand filters can assist in reducing bacteria and may have a secondary effect in reducing some dissolved materials, their primary and most significant function lies in the removal of suspended solids. Understanding this function is crucial for environmental health specialists and sanitarians, as it highlights the importance of proper water treatment methods in maintaining safe and clean water supplies.