Which chemical is commonly used to improve water clarity?

Alum, or aluminum sulfate, is widely used in water treatment processes to improve water clarity. It functions as a coagulant, promoting the agglomeration of small particles or colloids present in the water. When added to water, alum causes these particles to clump together into larger aggregates, known as flocs, which can then settle out of the water or be removed through filtration. This process is especially beneficial in the treatment of surface water sources, as it helps to reduce turbidity and enhance the overall quality of drinking water.

The role of alum in water treatment is crucial because clear water is often a sign of better quality, indicating that harmful pathogens and contaminants may be effectively removed during the water purification process. Moreover, the use of alum is common in both municipal water treatment facilities and swimming pools, where clear water is not only visually appealing but also essential for maintaining water safety and hygiene.

While muriatic acid and hydrogen chloride are related to adjusting pH levels in water treatment, they do not directly contribute to improving water clarity in the same way that alum does. Sodium carbonate, primarily used for adjusting alkalinity and pH balance, may indirectly influence clarity but is not utilized specifically for the purpose of coagulant action in clarifying water