Which of the following diseases can be transmitted by birds?

The transmission of diseases by birds is a significant concern in public health, and both psittacosis and ornithosis are notable examples of diseases that can be spread by avian species.

Psittacosis, also known as parrot fever, is caused by the bacterium Chlamydia psittaci, which primarily infects birds, particularly parrots and other psittacine species. Humans can contract this disease through inhalation of respiratory secretions or dried feces from infected birds, leading to symptoms that resemble pneumonia.

Ornithosis, which is often used interchangeably with psittacosis, refers to diseases caused by various agents that are transmitted from birds to humans. While psittacosis specifically refers to the condition linked to Chlamydia psittaci, ornithosis can encompass a broader range of bird-related illnesses, including those caused by other pathogens.

Yellow fever, on the other hand, is a viral disease that primarily affects humans and is transmitted by mosquito vectors, not birds. This distinction underscores the specificity of certain diseases associated with bird transmission, further validating why the combination of both psittacosis and ornithosis is the correct answer. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for environmental health professionals in assessing the