Which of the following is not a form of direct pest control?

Community surveys are not considered a form of direct pest control. Instead, they are an assessment tool used to gather information about pest populations, distribution, and public perceptions or experiences with pests in a specific area. This data can inform pest management strategies but does not directly eliminate or manage pest populations.

In contrast, pesticide application, trapping, and extermination are all direct methods used to control pest populations. Pesticide application involves the use of chemicals to kill or repel pests, trapping physically captures pests to either remove them from an area or monitor their population levels, and extermination refers to the complete elimination of pests, typically through chemical or physical means. These methods are implemented with the immediate goal of reducing or eradicating pest issues, making them direct pest control strategies.