Which of the following must be determined to establish the operational depth of a sanitary landfill?

To determine the operational depth of a sanitary landfill, it is essential to consider various geological and environmental factors, all of which are connected to the management of waste and environmental protection.

Establishing the depth involves assessing the location of bedrock, as it indicates how deep the landfill can be excavated without hitting solid rock, which could affect the stability and integrity of the landfill operations. Additionally, understanding the groundwater table is crucial because it helps to ensure that the landfill is appropriately sited above this level to prevent contamination of groundwater resources. If a landfill is located below the groundwater table, there is an increased risk of leachate seeping into the water supply, posing environmental hazards.

The finished grade, which refers to the final surface elevation of the landfill after waste compaction and cover is applied, is also a significant factor. Determining the finished grade impacts how the landfill will be structured over time, including its overall capacity and ability to manage rainwater runoff and maintain stability.

Considering these key components together provides a comprehensive approach to evaluating the operational depth of a sanitary landfill, making the conclusion that all of these factors must be determined valid in guiding landfill design and operations effectively.