Which one of the following has not been shown to be associated with PCBs?

The association of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) with various health outcomes is a significant area of study, particularly regarding their toxicological effects. PCBs have been extensively researched in relation to liver cancer, abnormal cell multiplication, and low birth weight, all of which have demonstrated some degree of correlation with PCB exposure.

Liver cancer has been linked to PCB exposure through epidemiological studies that suggest a higher incidence of liver tumors in populations with significant PCB exposure. This relationship emphasizes the carcinogenic potential of PCBs.

Abnormal cell multiplication, which can lead to various forms of cancer, has also been documented. PCBs can disrupt normal cellular processes, potentially leading to the uncontrolled proliferation characteristic of cancerous cells.

Low birth weight is another adverse outcome associated with PCB exposure. Studies have shown that pregnant women who have higher levels of PCB in their bodies may give birth to infants with lower birth weights, indicating a negative impact on fetal development.

In contrast, while PCBs may influence fertility, the direct evidence linking them to fertility issues is less robust compared to the other health outcomes listed. Research on the effects of PCBs on fertility has yielded mixed results and does not consistently demonstrate a causal link, making this particular association less definitive. This lack