Which statement is correct regarding methane gas production?

The correct statement regarding methane gas production is that anaerobic bacteria produce methane. Methane is primarily generated through microbial activity in environments devoid of oxygen, such as wetlands, rice paddies, and landfills. In these anaerobic conditions, certain types of bacteria decompose organic matter, leading to the production of methane as a byproduct.

Anaerobic digestion is an essential process in waste management and energy generation, as it not only reduces the volume of organic waste but also produces biogas, which can be captured and utilized as a renewable energy source. Understanding this process is crucial for environmental health specialists, especially when dealing with issues related to waste treatment and greenhouse gas emissions.

While aerobic bacteria play a key role in the decomposition of organic matter in the presence of oxygen, they do not produce methane; instead, they typically oxidize organic matter and produce carbon dioxide and water. Similarly, acidic conditions can inhibit methane production because they create an unfavorable environment for the anaerobic bacteria responsible for generating methane. Therefore, the correct answer highlights the specific role of anaerobic bacteria in methane production.